Goal of Manual Testing
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Due to this reason test engineers are making automation test scripts for repeatable and complex test cases. I will be more than happy if I was able to take you with me to this point. Myths of Manual Testing Following are few common myths and facts related to testing: Myth: Anyone can do manual testing Fact: Testing requires many skill sets Myth: Testing ensures 100%free product Fact: Testing attempts to find as many defects as possible.
Correct program logic As you can see, program logic to find the maximum number for the given array is not correct because it doesn't return -1 in case of negative values. Fuzz testing is a black box testing technique which uses a random bad data to attack a program to check if anything breaks in the application. What is the difference between client-server testing and web-based testing Ans.
Manual Testing - Checking whether the system is able to handle some unexpected or unpredictable situations is called Recovery Testing. What is Unit Testing?
This is a comprehensive list of Software Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers. This includes interview questions and tips to prepare for Software testing interview — question on manual testing, web testing questions, ISTQB and CSTE certification questions, and some mock test to test your testing skills. Check the respective pages for the detailed topic specific questions. Click the above link to know — Where should I start with for the interview preparation? Take this mock test paper which will be helpful for you to prepare for a testing interview as well as the CSTE certification exam. Click the above link for questions and answers. Click the above link for Automation Interview questions like Difference between Winrunner and Test Director, What is TSL? What is 4GL and is it similar too? What is the difference between Performance Testing, Load Testing, and Stress Testing? Many people are confused with these testing terminologies. Click the above links to read about ISTQB paper pattern and tips on how to solve these questions quickly. Quick Test Professional: Interview Questions and answers are found in the above link. Click the above link for questions and answers about CSTE. What is Desk checking and Control Flow Analysis Ans. Click for answers about Desk checking and Control Flow Analysis along with the examples. What is or Build test? Verifying the critical important functionality of the software on a new build to decide whether to carry further testing or not is termed as Sanity Test. What is the difference between client-server testing and web-based testing Ans. Click for the answer. Black box testing is explained with types in the above link. Click here for the post explaining about white box testing along with its types Q. What are the different? Click the above link to refer the post explaining all Software Testing Types in detail. How to define a standard process for the entire testing flow, Explain the challenging situations in Manual Testing career, What is the best way to go about getting a pay rise. Click the above link for the answers to these questions. What is the most challenging situation you ever had during Testing? How to perform testing when there are no documents? Click for the detailed post on how to answer these QA interview questions. Based on web testing requirements, there are various factors that should be considered into. Web testing includes Functional testing, Usability testing, Security testing, Interface testing, Compatibility testing, Performance testing etc. We will take a look at the most common Web Testing interview questions and answers which will guide you to get prepared for any web testing interview. Given below is the list of most commonly asked web testing interview. Q 1 What do you understand by web application? Answer: Web application is a means to communicate and exchange information with the customers. Unlike any desktop applications which are executed by an operating system, a web application runs on a web server and is accessed by a web browser which acts as a client. In Gmail, the interaction done by an individual user is completely independent of the others. You can send and receive information through emails and also through attachments. You can maintain documents in a drive, maintain spreadsheets in Google docs and includes much more such features which make a user realize that they have an environment which is customized to their specific identity. Q 2 Define a Web server. In response to the request of a HTTP client, web server handles client and server side validation and delivers the web content in the form of web pages to the users. The browsers we use, such as Safari, Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox etc. Any computer which hosts websites must have web servers. Answer: There are many parameters that should be considered while deciding the important test scenarios for testing any website. Also, the type of website to be tested and its requirement specification plays an important role here. Q 4 What are the different configurations which have to be considered while testing a website? Answer: Different configuration includes different browsers as well as an operating system on which a website is being tested. Browser plugins, text size, video resolution, color depth, browser setting option also come under consideration when we talk about configurations. Different combinations of browsers and operating system are used to test the compatibility of the website. Usually, the latest and the last latest versions are included. Well, these versions are usually specified in the requirement documents. Answer: Yes, there is a lot of difference between web application and desktop application. This can be explained with the help of the below-mentioned table: Web Application Desktop Application Definition Web applications are the one which can run on any client machine having the internet connection without any installation of the execution file. Desktop applications are one which are separately installed and executed on the personal computer. Performance User actions, feedback, statistics can be easily monitored as well as data updating in one place is reflected everywhere in web application. User actions cannot be monitored as well as changes in data can be only reflected at the machine. Connectivity Web application can be accessed on any PC having internet connection using web browser where performance of the application depends on internet speed. Desktop application can be only accessed on specific PC where application is installed. Security Risks Web application is more prone to security threats as applications can be accessed by anyone on the internet. Desktop application is less prone to security threats where user can keep a check on security issues at the system level. User data User data is saved and accessed remotely in case of web applications. Data is stored, saved and accessed from the same machine on which application is installed. Q 6 What is Intranet Application? Answer: Intranet application is a kind of private application which is deployed and run on local LAN server and can only be accessed by the people within the organization. It uses local network to share information. Example: Organization usually has an application which stores information about your attendance, holidays, upcoming celebrations within the organization or some important event or information that needs to be circulated within the organization. Q 7 Explain the difference between Authorization and Authentication in Web testing. Answer: The difference between Authorization and Authentication is explained in below table: Authentication Authorization 1 Authentication is the process with which the system identifies who the user is? Authorization is the process with which system identifies what user is authorized to do? Authorization decides the privileges given to the user i. There are two types of authorizations, like read only and read write both. For example: Only account manager or person in accounts department can access account section. Q 8 What are the types of Web testing security problems? Answer: HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HTTP is the data transfer protocol which defines how messages are formatted and transferred over World Wide Web. HTTP also determines the response of the actions performed by web servers and browsers. For Example,when an URL is entered on the web browser, the HTTP command is sent to the web server which in turn fetches the requested web browser. Q 10 Define HTTPS. Answer: HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This is basically HTTP over SSL Secure Socket Layer for security purposes. There is always chances of eavesdrop on data being transferred between a user and the web server when the website uses HTTP protocol. Therefore, websites use secure way i. SSL encryption of data sent back and forth using HTTPS protocol. Almost all the websites that require user log in uses HTTPS protocol. Few Examples are banking websites, e-commerce websites, etc. Q 11 What are the common problems faced in Web testing? Q 12 What is Cookie testing? Whenever we access any website on any web browser, their respective cookie is written on the hard disk. Suppose an e-commerce site is accessible in many countries like US, Canada, Australia and their testing is done in India. In that case, while testing the e-commerce site for different countries in India, at first respective countries cookies is set so that actual data like time zone etc. Q 13 Define Client-side validation. Suppose a user is entering an incorrect email format while filling a form. The browser will then and there prompt an error message to correct it before moving on to next field. Thus every field is corrected before submitting the form. The client-side validation is usually done by script language such as JavaScript, VBScript, HTML 5 attributes. Answer: Server-side validation occurs where the validation and processing of user requests require the response from the server. After the validation process, feedback is sent back to the client in the form of dynamically generated web page. When compared to the Client Side validation process, Server side validation process is more secure because here application is protected against malicious attacks and users can easily bypass client-side scripting language. Q 15 Differentiate between Static and Dynamic website. Answer: Difference between static and dynamic websites are as follows: Static Website Dynamic website Static websites are the one which gives out information only and there is no sort of interaction between the user and the website. Dynamic websites are the one where user interaction is possible between the website and user along with imparting information. Static websites are cheapest to develop and host. Dynamic websites are more expensive to develop as well as their hosting cost is also more. Static websites are easily loaded on client browser because of its fixed content and no database connectivity. Dynamic websites usually take the time to load on client browser because contents to display are dynamically created and retrieved using database queries. Static websites can be created from HTML, CSS and does not require any server application language. Dynamic websites require server application language like ASP. NET, JSP, PHP to run the application on the server and display the output on the webpage. Change in the content of the page of any static website; require being uploaded on server many times. Dynamic website provides facilities to change the page content using server application. Q 16 What do you understand by Client-Server testing? Answer: Client-server application is the one where the application itself is loaded or installed on a server whereas application EXE file is loaded on all client machines. This environment is usually used in Intranet networks. Q 17 Enlist HTTP response codes that are returned by the server. Answer: In web testing, Usability testing plays an important role. It is well known that usability testing is the means to determine the ease with which an end user can easily access the application with or without having any programming language knowledge. Q 19 What are the available environments on Web? Q 21 Enlist some sub-classes of HTTP response objects? Answer: Write, Flush, tell, etc are few HTTP response objects. Q 23 Give some examples of web applications that are used in our day to day life. Answer: Proxy server is a server which acts as an intermediary or is the one that lies between the client and the main server. The communication between the main server and client-server is done through a proxy server as the client request of any connection, file, resources from the main server is sent through a proxy server and again the response from the main server or local cached memory to client-server is done through the proxy server. Q 25 What is Database server? Answer: A Database server can be defined as a server that refers to the back-end system of a database application that provides database services such as accessing and retrieving data from the database. A database server is like a data warehouse and also holds on Database Management System DBMS. What is Dynamic Testing? It is the testing done by executing the code or program with various input values and later on the output is verified. What is GUI Testing? What is Formal Testing? Software verification carried out by following a test plan, testing procedures and proper documentation with an approval from the customer is termed as Formal Testing. What is Risk Based Testing? Identifying the critical functionality in the system and then deciding the orders in which these functionalities are to be tested and applying testing after that is termed as Risk-based Testing. What is Early Testing? Conducting testing as soon as possible in the development lifecycle to find defects at early stages of STLC. Early testing is helpful to reduce the cost of fixing defects at the later stages of STLC. What is Exhaustive Testing? Testing functionality with all valid, invalid inputs and pre-conditions is called Exhaustive testing. What is Defect Clustering? Any small module or functionality may contain a number of defects — concentrating more on testing these functionalities is known as Defect Clustering. What is Pesticide Paradox? What is Static Testing? Manual verification of the code without executing the program is called as Static Testing. In this process, the issues are identified in the code by checking code, requirement and design documents. What is Positive Testing? It is the Testing which is conducted on the application to determine if the system works properly. What is Negative Testing? What is an End-to-End Testing? Testing the overall functionality of the system including the data integration among all the modules is called End-to-End Testing. What is Exploratory Testing? Exploring the application, understanding its functionalities, adding or modifying the existing test cases for better testing is called Exploratory testing. What is Monkey Testing? Testing conducted on an application without any plan and carried out randomly with the tests to find any system crash with an intention of finding tricky defects is called Monkey Testing. What is Non-Functional Testing? Validating various non-functional aspects of the system such as user interfaces, user-friendliness, security, compatibility, Load, Stress, and Performance etc. What is Usability Testing? Checking how easily the end users are able to understand and operate the application is called Usability Testing. What is Security Testing? Validating whether all security conditions are properly implemented in the software or not is called Security testing. What is Performance Testing? The process of measuring various efficiency characteristics of a system such as response time, load stress transactions per minutes, transaction mix etc. What is Load Testing? Analyzing both the functional and performance behavior of an application under various conditions is called Load Testing. What is Stress Testing? Checking the application behavior under stress conditions or Reducing the system resources and keeping the load as constant and checking how the application is behaving is called Stress Testing. A process is a set of practices performed to achieve a given purpose; it may include tools, methods, materials or people. What is Software Configuration Management? The process of identifying, Organizing and controlling changes to the Software development and maintenance. It includes the below factors: Writing a Test Plan Test Scenarios Test Cases Executing the Test Cases Test Results Defect Reporting Defect Tracking Defect Closing Test Release Q. What is full form of CMMI? Capability Maturity Model Integration Q. What is a Code Walk Through? An informal analysis of the program source code to find the defects and verify the coding techniques is termed so. What is Unit Level Testing? Testing of single programs, modules or unit of code is termed as Unit Level Testing. What is Integration Level Testing? Testing of related programs, Modules or Unit of code. What is System Level Testing? Testing of the entire computer system across all the modules is termed so. This kind of testing can include Functional as well as Structural Testing. What is Alpha Testing? Testing of a whole computer system before rolling out to the UAT is termed so. What is User Acceptance Testing UAT? Testing of a computer system by the client to verify if it adhered to the provided requirements. What is a Test Plan? It is a document describing the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. It identifies test items, features to be tested, testing tasks, who will do each task, and any risks requiring contingency planning. What is a Test Scenario? Identifying all the possible areas to be tested or what is to be tested is termed so. What is ECP Equivalence Class Partition? It is a method for deriving test cases. What is a Defect? Any flaw or imperfection in a software work product is termed as a Defect. It defines the importance of the defect from the functional point of view i. It indicates the importance or urgency of fixing a defect Q. Re-testing the application means verifying whether the defects have been fixed or not. What is Regression Testing? Verifying an existing functional and non-functional area after making changes to the part of a software or addition of new features is termed so. What is Recovery Testing? Checking whether the system is able to handle some unexpected or unpredictable situations is called Recovery Testing. What is Globalization Testing? It is the process of verifying whether a software can be run independently of its geographical and cultural environment. Checking if the application is having features of setting and changing language, date, format, and currency if it is designed for global users. What is Localization Testing? Verifying globalized application for a particular locality of users, under cultural and geographical conditions is termed so. What is Installation Testing? Checking whether we are able to install a software successfully or not, as per the guidelines given in the installation document is called Installation Testing. What is Un-Installation Testing? Checking whether we are able to uninstall the software from the system successfully or not is called Un-Installation Testing Q. What is Compatibility Testing? Checking whether the application is compatible with different software and hardware environment or not is called Compatibility Testing. What is a Test Strategy? It is a part of a test plan describing how testing is carried out for the project and what testing types need to be performed on the application. What is a Test Case? A Test case is a set of pre-conditional steps to be followed with input data and expected behavior to validate the functionality of a system. What is Business Validation Test Case? A test case which is prepared to check the business condition or a business requirement is called Business Validation test case. What is a Good Test Case? A Test case that has the high priority of catching defects is called a Good Test Case. What is Use Case Testing? Validating a software to confirm whether it is developed as per the use cases or not is called Use Case testing. What is a Defect Age? What is Showstopper Defect? A defect which is not permitting to continue further with testing is called Showstopper Defect. What is a Test Closure? It is the last phase of the STLC, where the management prepares various test summary reports that explain the complete statistics of the project based on the testing carried out. What is Bucket Testing? It is mostly used to study the impact of various product designs in the website metrics. Two simultaneous versions are run on a single or a set of web pages to measure the difference in click rates, interface, and traffic. What is meant by Entry Criteria and Exit Criteria in Software Testing? Entry Criteria is the process that must be present when a system begins, like, SRS — Software FRS Use Case Test Case Test Plan Exit criteria ensure whether the testing is completed and the application is ready for release, like, Test Summary Report, Metrics Defect Analysis Report. What is Concurrency Testing? This is a multiple user testing to access the application at the same time to verify the effect on code, module or DB and it is mainly used to identify the locking and deadlocking situations in the code. What is Web Application Testing? Web application testing is done on a website to check — load, performance, security, Functionality, Interface, Compatibility and other usability-related issues. What is Unit Testing? Unit testing is done to check whether the individual modules of the source code are working properly or not. What is Interface Testing? Interface testing is done to check whether the individual modules are communicating properly as per the specifications or not. Interface testing is mostly used to test the user interface of GUI applications. What is Gamma Testing? Gamma testing is done when the software is ready for release with the specified requirements, this testing is done directly by skipping all the in-house testing activities. What is Test Harness? Test Harness is configuring a set of tools and test data to test an application under various conditions, which involves monitoring the output with the expected output for correctness. The benefits of Testing Harness are: Productivity increase due to process automation and increase in the product quality Q. What is Scalability Testing? It is used to check whether the functionality and performance of a system are capable to meet the volume and size changes as per the requirements. Scalability testing is done using load test by changing various software, hardware configurations, and testing environment. What is Fuzz Testing? Fuzz testing is a black box testing technique which uses a random bad data to attack a program to check if anything breaks in the application. What is Difference between QA, QC, and Testing? It is process oriented and its Aim is to prevent the defects in an application. QC is product oriented and it is a Set of activities used to evaluate a developed work product Testing? Executing and verifying an application with the intention of finding defects. What is Date Driven Testing? It is an Automation testing process in which an application is tested with multiple sets of data with different preconditions as an input to the script. Conclusion I hope that the above given Manual Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers would have been too beneficial to each of you. We wish you all success!!
Entry Criteria is the process that must be present manual testing tutorial point a system begins, like, SRS — Software FRS Use Case Test Case Test Plan Exit criteria ensure whether the testing is completed and the application is ready for release, like, Test Summary Report, Metrics Defect Analysis Report. In this type, tester takes over the role of end user and test the Software to identify any un-expected behavior or bug. Accepting the importance of QA Manual Testing and knowing why it is special, is the very first step towards being an excellent manual tester. There are two sub tests. manual testing tutorial point In this review responsible people will estimate completeness and correctness of corresponding documents. Analysis of deferred bug: whether the deferred bugs are postponable or not. I hope that you would have gone through the article that I recommended in the previous section i. From this process model, organizations are maintaining separate testing team for functional and system testing. Example: LCT life cycle testing. Identifying the critical functionality in the system and then deciding the orders in which these functionalities are to be tested and applying testing after that is termed as Risk-based Testing. Programmers will follow this technique.
